So you have a sense of where I am coming from, I am a long time Web applications and Java/PHP/Javascript/Perl developer. I am somewhat newer to Python and Ruby but I prefer Python. I am a REST and Open Source advocate when I am in the right mood.
If you are totally unfamiliar with Groovy then I recommend you take a look at this post as it lays out the reasons why you might want to learn more about it:
http://codetojoy.blogspot.com/2009/06/case-for-groovy.html
If you know you are going to be writing web-apps then just skip Groovy and go straight for Grails. If you are looking to do some JSR-223 (Java Scripting) stuff (with Groovy) then Groovy is the place to focus on. Either way, you will need to get familiar with the basics of Groovy so look at these:
http://groovy.codehaus.org/Quick+Start
http://groovy.codehaus.org/Collections
Feel free to checkout some sample Groovy scripts I made which illustrate many of the key concepts.
The Getting Started Guide for Groovy is huge and not really a very good place to try to get started unfortunately. That said, the Beginners Tutorial is pretty good, especially the section on closures.
If you want to get going with Grails then it is a little bit easier since it mostly builds on Groovy. Grails borrows heavily from Ruby on Rails so if you are familiar with it then things will come to you quickly. This is the best place to start (not surprisingly):
http://www.grails.org/Quick+Start
I really liked the screencasts (which are oddly located here also). They provided a nice introduction to Grails without much effort. When you are ready for a little more the tutorials are a good next step.
Things I learned in no particular order:
- Maven and Grails do not get along - There is some really weak maven integration available but it does not work very well. The structure of grails (e.g. src/groovy) does not match the maven standard structure (e.g. src/main/groovy). Mostly maven just allows you to run the grails build commands which is easier to do with grails itself. I struggled with this for awhile before just giving up on using maven. The Grails team recommends using Ivy if you want to add dependency management (or Grails plugins which are preferred if they are available).
The grails and groovy artifacts are available in maven repositories which is nice. - Grails and Eclipse don't easily integrate - The Groovy plugin is pretty good (not great) but the build integration is pretty poor and requires you to jump through hoops. It seems like the integration with IDEA is a lot better and recommended by the Grails team.
- Groovy supports closures - The closure support in groovy is great and very easy to use. I found myself writing closures like crazy (even more than in Javascript) and it made the code very clean.
NOTE: I ran across one weird bug where passing in a String[] to a closure causes it to be misinterpreted as a collection of separate arguments for each array entry. There are hacks to get around this but be aware that it may bite you. - Grails has a great plugin system - Grails has a pretty powerful plugin system which allows easy extension of a grails app. The plugins seems to be very easy to install and fairly easy to write. There is a complete guide if you are interested in developing your own plugins.
- Grails app creation puts in too much stuff - The structure generated by grails create-app has a lot of stuff in it which you will probably want to cleanup (like the hibernate plugin by default for example). There is no uninstall for plugins so just remove the dir of the plugin to get rid of it. Be careful to not leave in a lot of things you are not going to use and clean out the sample stuff under web-app as well.
- Grails convention is not very flexible - Grails prides itself on "code by convention" and "convention over configuration" and it does a good job of establishing a lot of conventions. It takes a little while to get used to them but if you follow them then things are pretty easy. Unfortunately, this implies that it is possible to override the convention using configuration if needed and in many cases it is not. I have been bitten a few times already when I tried to do things that are not "on the rail".
- Grails uses prototype.js by default - The built in javascript engine in Grails is the portal/multi-framework unfriendly prototype.js. I can't use it so I am playing around with using jQuery instead (so far this is proving to be manageable). There is a jQuery plugin which helps make this easier.
As far as scripting languages go I think I prefer PHP, Javascript, Python, and Perl (in that order) over Groovy but this may just due to a lack of familiarity on my part.
